What Was Paine s View Of Government For America

What were the principal arguments in support of independence, according to Thomas Paine? What was Paine’s view of government for America? While there is no direct evidence0 that Paine read Locke – is there any Locke in Paine’s writings? Discuss. Do we see any Locker principles in the reaction to the series of actions beginning with the Political Continental Congress’ Declaration of Resolves? Explain. What about the Declaration of Independence? If our experiences (history) inform our political culture and then our institutions, how do the â€Å"Intolerable† and other acts inform the Declaration and Resolves and the Declaration of Independence? Explain your points. Thomas Paine was a philosopher of religion, and science, hie wrote the common sense, he wrote a few essays depends on the occurred happen in his life. Paine life was so difficult with his wife s death, children, and losing his job. He lived in the Great Britain since 1737 was born i n Thetford, England. Thomas Paine became extremely important. In 1776, he published the first essay about the Common Sense. The reason why Paine wrote the common sense is to inspire the army and to make his vision become true of being an independent country. Paine was successful as a solid, but he pamphlet become so popular among the solid and inspires them to fight against the British. Paine was the real catalyst for freedom from British colonial rule. Thomas Paine argues that the government need to be involved, his reflection wasShow MoreRelatedHow Did Thomas Paine Influence The American Revolution795 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine was an England born political activist, theorist, philosopher and revolutionary. He was an influential writer of essays and pamphlets. His works included â€Å"The Age of Reason, â€Å"Rights of Man† and the widely known and well accepted â€Å"Common Sense†. He is one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and had a major infl uence on the American Revolution by helping shape many of the ideas that marked the Age of Revolution. His extremely popular Common Sense pamphlet (which I will be discussingRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine1036 Words   |  5 Pageswritten by Thomas Paine that inspired people in the Thirteen Colonies to declare and fight for independence from Great Britain. It was actually first published anonymously. Thomas Paine’s basic theme throughout Common Sense is that government is a â€Å"necessary evil†. His argument begins with more general reflections about government and religion, then progresses onto the specifics. There is a quote from the first page of Common Sense that lays out Paine s general conception of government. â€Å"Society in everyRead MoreThe Age Of Reason By Thomas Paine1089 Words   |  5 PagesThomas Paine was an influential 18th-century writer of essays and pamphlets. Among them were The Age of Reason, regarding the place of religion in society; Rights of Man, a piece defending the French Revolution; and Common Sense, which was published during the American Revolution. Common Sense, Paine s most influential piece, brought his ideas to a vast audience, swaying (the otherwise undecided) public opinion to the view that independence from the British was a necessity. Thomas Paine wasRead MoreThomas Paine : A Man For All Season1138 Words   |  5 Pagescommon sense.† (Common Sense, Thomas Paine) Thomas Paine is seen as one of the most influential and outspoken igniters of the American Revolution. In his pamphlet commonsense he addresses all the ideas of government and constitutional pragmatism. William Hogeland in his article Thomas Paine’s Revolutionary Reckoning. Hogeland describes Paine’s life in great detail as well as showing the conflict between Paine and President George Washington. The connection between Paine and Washington is one that reallyRead MorePaine s The Age Of Reason1192 Words   |  5 PagesPaine s American Pamphlet (to be independent from England - 1776) 48 pages in duration Thomas Paine (1737 - 1809) Anglo-American political activist / philosopher. Author of The Age of Reason. - - - Common Sense was an addressing for the America people, I doubt Thomas Paine intended the book to go beyond print and into the realm of digital media eight years ago. Now America again is about to elect another commander and chief on November 8th, I felt it was time to reinstate the words ofRead MoreThe Document Common Sense By Thomas Paine1714 Words   |  7 Pages The document Common Sense by Thomas Paine was written in 1775, and published in 1776. Though, in order to be shared with the public, Thomas Paine had to be inspired first. Some of the more common inspirations were derived from the ideas of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. The main points of Thomas Paine’s document were to separate from English rule and to form a democratic nation. Some of John Locke’s most common ideas of the human nature were that humans needed independence to thrive, a statementRead MoreThe Revolutionary War787 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: Paine Thomas Paine’s Role in the Revolutionary War Dallin Hodgkin Mountain View High School Paine What sparks a revolution? What motivates the average man to rise up against everything he’s ever known? There have been many revolutions that have taken place in the past and each one has had different elements that powered them. The revolutionary war is an example of one such revolution. But what gave it power? There are two main ideas that start revolutionsRead MoreThe Age of Reason and Revolution Essay810 Words   |  4 Pagesconflicts, and new visions of the world. The age of reason brought on many changes to religious, political, scientific, and literary aspects of the eighteenth century. The Age of Reason and Revolution was a time of change. This age, and the changes in it, was mainly brought upon by the Renaissance, along with some other technological inventions that made reasoning possible. But mainly, the Renaissance provided the historical roots for the Age of Reason. The Age ofRead MoreThe American Revolution Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pages In the midst of revolution, influential authors Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson each speak volumes about the clear vision that is to become independent America. It is the work of these individuals that one may accredit the characterization of America as it stands in the present day. In a country built on â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,† certain values have been deemed favorable by the founding fathers. American political culture has thus been molded into one representativeRead MoreThe British And Indian War1387 Words   |  6 Pagesthe mid-1700’s, British American Colonists were questioning their place under the British crown. The Colonists were proud to be part of the British Empire, especially after the recent victories of the French and Indian war, which gave the colonist a sense of pride and patriotism. However, British Parliament began to pass legislation that had laid a burden on the Colonists, as well as oppression. The Colonists began to question the power of the Crown, whether the idea of a Monarchy was a primitive

Sarbanes Oxley - 1476 Words

Financial scandals have impacted many individuals such as public companies and accounting firms. Sarbanes Oxley has made many changes to many companies. The major financial scandals have impacted many investors and required more regulations to avert this problems. Sarbanes Oxley has tried to increase ethics in the upper management in many public companies. The upper management has tried to improve on social responsibility and increase the public view. There are many critics to Sarbanes Oxley and many different suggestions on improvements. History of Sarbanes-Oxley Act Scandals of many forms shape regulations in many aspects. The Sarbanes Oxley Act was a new regulation that was initiated because of financial scandals. Tyco,†¦show more content†¦Social Responsibilities Corporate social responsibility is an organizations’ impact on society that goes beyond what is ethical. Being socially responsibility, an individual in upper management must realize how the actions might be able to influence the rest of the environment. If a company is socially responsible the company is honest, trustworthy, and display integrity while dealing with others and provides the attention to the stakeholders, build a community by searching for goals that are compatible with and respect individuals and accomplish silent triumphs. Some chief executive officers and chief financial officers had established policies in order to determine the corporate social responsibility by affecting the local community. Some individuals believe the corporate social responsibility can improve profits because it can promote respect for the company in the marketplace resulting in higher sales. A company can have corporate social responsibility in many manners such as treatment of employees, local community and increase ethical behavior within the company. If the upper management provides ethical behavior and is demonstrating to the employees and consumers it is a corporate social responsibility that is the most important. By respecting the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the managers show the employees and the local communityShow MoreRelatedSarbanes Oxley Act1322 Words   |  6 PagesSarbanes-Oxley Act The Sarbanes-Oxley is a U.S. federal law that has generated much controversy, and involved the response to the financial scandals of some large corporations such as Enron, Tyco International, WorldCom and Peregrine Systems. These scandals brought down the public confidence in auditing and accounting firms. The law is named after Senator Paul Sarbanes Democratic Party and GOP Congressman Michael G. Oxley. It was passed by large majorities in both Congress and the Senate and coversRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Memo1410 Words   |  6 Pages August 22, 2005 SUBJECT: Sarbanes-Oxley recommendations As consultants for Ancher Public Trading (APT), Learning Team A would like to discuss the implications of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) legislation. This memorandum provides a brief history of SOX ¡Ã‚ ¦s creation, explains the relationship amongst the FASB, SEC and PCAOB, describes the pros and cons of SOX, assesses the impacts of SOX, and lists ethical considerations of SOX. History of SOX - the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is legislation inRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Outline676 Words   |  3 PagesThe Ineffectiveness of the Sarbanes Oxley Act In Corporate Management and Accounting In the early 1990s, a young company named Enron was quickly moving up Fortune magazine’s chart of â€Å"America’s Most Innovative Company.† As the corporate world began to herald Enron as the next global leader in business, a dark secret loomed on the horizon of this great energy company. Aggressive entrepreneurs eager to push the company’s stock price higher and a series of fraudulent accounting procedures involvingRead MoreAnalysis of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act3143 Words   |  13 PagesAnalysis of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Abstract The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was enacted in July 30, 2002, by Congress to protect shareholders and the general public from fraudulent corporate practices and accounting errors and to maintain auditor independence.    In protecting the shareholders and the general public the SOX Act is intended to improve the transparency of the financial reporting.    Financial reports are to be certified by the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial OfficerRead MoreEssay on The Sarbanes-Oxley Act852 Words   |  4 Pagestoday that are using the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) legislation that helps to safeguard their company and their financial records. The Sarbanes-Oxley act began in 2002 and the purpose behind this act was to protect organizations, it had a major impact on accounting and record keeping. Because of Enron, they passed this act for publicly-traded corporations to better implement control to their enterprise data. â€Å"Named after Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Mic hael Oxley, who also set a number ofRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act and the PCAOB Essay1661 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act Overview: The development of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was a result of public company scandals. The Enron and Worldcom scandals, for example, helped investor confidence in entities traded on the public markets weaken during 2001 and 2002. Congress was quick to respond to the political crisis and enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which was signed into law by President Bush on July 30 (Edward Jones, 1), to restore investor confidence. In reference to SOX, penaltiesRead MoreSection 404 Sarbanes Oxley1957 Words   |  8 PagesThe Limitations of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Darren Abraham MSAF 670 University of Maryland University College The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) is a legislation enacted in 2002 under the sponsorship of U.S. Senator Paul Sarbanes (D-MD) and U.S. Representative Michael G. Oxley (R-OH). The law introduced increased government oversight for publicly held companies. It also imposes additional management responsibilities and corporate operating costs on companies tradingRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ACC/561 Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Following a number of discovered fraud scandals committed by well-known corporations and in order to restore public confidence in the stock market and trading of securities, the United States congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the year 2002. As a result of the act endorsement by the New York Stock Exchange and the Securities and Exchange Commission, among many other national overseeing committees, a number of rules and regulationsRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act Research Paper1787 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Sarbanes Oxley Act Research Project Brielle Lewis MBA 315 March 6, 2014 I. Abstract The purpose of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures made pursuant to the securities law, and for other purposes. (Lander, 2004) The Act created new standards for public companies and accounting firms to abide by. After multiple business failures due to fraudulent activities and embezzlement at companies such as Enron Sarbanes andRead MoreThe Implications of the Sarbanes Oxley Act on the Accounting Profession755 Words   |  4 PagesThe Implications of the Sarbanes Oxley Act on the Accounting Profession Abstract On July 30, 2002, the Sarbanes Oxley Act (also known as SOX) was signed into law by President George W. Bush. The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 is a federal law that set new or improved standards for all U.S. public company boards, management and public accounting firms. Covered in the eleven titles are additional corporate board responsibilities, auditing requirements and criminal penalties. This

The Conceptual Design of Light Rail Network-Samples for Students

Question: Write a report which Critically Analyses the Conceptual Design Phase of a Systems Engineering Project. Answer: Introduction This particular report is mainly based on the conceptual design of light rail network (LRN) of Australia. Light rail is also called as Light Rail Transit (LRT) which is one type of urban public transport that is mainly similar with tram ways in some extent (Cao and Ettema 2014). It is one of the speedy transport systems with the help of electrical powered train operated by drivers. It becomes one of the vital supports for the Australian people to get rid from traffic congestions of busy roads of Australia. The country also recognized the requirement to address both the congestions as well as accessibility of all problems. Hence, it always continue to evaluate the more capacity public transport solutions that mainly helps to reduce the congestions as well as provide different transport options that helps to make global, progressive and competitive city (Birdsall 2015). This particular report also discussed about the design framework of the light rail network system of the Australian city Sydney. It also elaborated about light rail network facilities in the city that mainly make the travel of people easier. Some recommendations are also mentioned for the enhancement of light rail network so that the traffic congestion problems get reduced in Australia. Need of definition The Sydney Light Rail Network is one of the light rail system that mainly supplies the Australian City, New South Wales. The light rail network is mainly controlled by New South Wales Government of transport. Apart from that, Clifton, Mulley and Hensher (2014) also discussed that light in particular context is mainly used for the light roads as well as faster movements rather than preferred weight. It also discussed that Sydney mainly developed an extensive tram network facilities that mainly grows as largest in world-wide. The lines owner mainly prepares the proposals for western extension of disused section within Central Business District (CBD) towards Central to Circular Quay (Dziauddin, Alvanides and Powe 2013). Apart from that, it also discussed that the transport system is one of the complementary mode of transport for passengers in eco-friendly and sustainable system. Because of increase in traffic congestion and pollution, it generates more problems for passengers of Sydney to travel from destination to other (Hensher, Mulley and Rose 2015). In terms of analyzing the light rail network development, the feasibility study is mainly done to examine the network if it is ideal for the pollution of Sydney. The purpose of line mainly built in terms of reducing the bus congestions in CBD as it mainly provides more capacities of public transport from University of the New South Wales to Sydney Football Stadium. This route is mainly served with bus facility so the traffic congestion is also high in those places. The important construction of LRN mainly started from 2015 which is predicted to be functional from 2019. On the other hand, Luong, and Xia (2016) also pointed out that LRN is mainly developed in underground which becomes one of the vital advantage in terms of reducing traffic congestions. All these developmental services are mainly operated by the use of one single class of light rail vehicle (LRV) (Ney and Gray 2014). This particular system mainly used standard gauge track by using 750 volts of current electrifications. The Sydney Light Rail is mainly incorporated of Inner West Light Rail that mainly operates in L1 Dulwich Hill Line. Apart from that, it also have 12.7 km route that mainly connects the Central Station with Dulwich Hill via 23 of light rail stops. This light rail network system mainly improves based on public transport in terms of accessing different entertainment facilities with access of sports (Spears, Boarnet and Houston 2016). It is also compared with development of other automobiles facilities, the growth of light rail becomes one of the cost effective transport so lution in Australia. It also discussed that light rail also able to increase the speed of 25-30 km/hr depending on the movements of abatements. Conceptual design of light rail network The light rail framework is mainly proposed for the city Sydney that is mainly located in Australia. It highlights that within the network of light rail it also covers different entertainments and sport areas like Town Hall, Bridge Street, Central, Royal Randwick, Surry Hills, UNSW High Street, Moore Park and different other places (Kim and Lahr 2014). The Australian government mainly lacks of proper funding due to which the development of heavy rails become more expensive in comparison with light rail. The costing of the system is mainly needed to do proper analysis of the system that mainly develop cost effective solution to reduce traffic congestion problems of Sydney. According to recent days data, more that 40,000 people travels by light rail system of Sydney on daily basis (Seo, Golub and Kuby 2014). Due to the reason of being an underground project it also does not occur any types of blockage on roads. NSW government is being committed to provide first class and integrate of p ublic transport network. CBD as well as South East Light Rail is one of the major projects into transformation of Sydney. The light rail network mainly offers lots of capabilities and both consistent and easily reachable solution for Sydney people. However, it also results up to 220 peak hours buses entering the city that mainly serves expected growth of South East as well as improves the access to different important destinations of Sydney like Royal Randwick Racecourse, University of NWS etc (Currie and Delbosc 2013). This particular project mainly allows more improvements in customer experience as well as also increases the economic growth of Sydney. Some of the benefits occurred due to the implementation of Light Rail Network at Sydney are listed below: Sustainability: LRN mainly creates various developmental opportunities and sustainable transport in Sydney (Kamruzzaman et al. 2014). This particular project mainly improves the performance and minimizes the emissions from transport network. Moreover, it also reduces the greenhouse gas emission in a large quantity. Travellers: Some of most common travellers of LRN include office employees, students, and businessman (Birdsall 2015). Within minimum span of time, passenger travels from one part of city to another. It mainly used to reduce the traffic congestions on Sydneys roads. This Light Rail Network mainly moves with more than 8000 people per hour in every direction and also supports with consumer-friendly transport services in Australia. Ticketing system: LRN incorporate new electronic system ticketing of NSW government that mainly trustworthy for both timetables and fares of trains (Cao and Ettema 2014). This new ticketing system also risen the interest of more people to travel with light rail. Development cost: CBD as well as South East Light Rail is delivering an estimation of $4 billion into benefits to Sydney as well as NSW. Following table will show the development cost of the light rail network: Activities Cost Economic benefits $2.50 million Invested delivers $1 million Environmental and health benefits $308 million Pedestrians $333 million Benefits of public transport customers $ 2 billion Wider economic benefits $222 million Road users $264 million Operating savings $707 million The infrastructure design of light rail network mainly follows different routes of tram lines of previous network (Clifton, Mulley and Hensher 2014). This particular route also includes both off-street and on-street section travelling from one place to another. There are more than 8-10 traffic light controlled connections that mainly created along with routes. Different changes are mainly taken considered that include revision of platform length at different stops to increase the tram length from 45m to 67m (Hensher, Mulley and Rose 2015). This network also forms new clients of light rail network that mainly focussed on convenient interchanges, development of seamless supported by lots of consumer information and different method finding techniques. Figure 1: Sydney Light Rail route map (Source: created by author) Based on the rail-route of Sydney Light Rail Network, it mainly requires some changes in the bus routes of Sydney Central Business districts. Based on light rail construction, the bus route also gets minimized to few extents in some places (Luong and Xia 2016). Due to this transportation system, the large rail network results into 400 percentage of higher per capita transit ridership, 21 percentage of lower per capita mileage of motor vehicle, 36 percentage per capita of traffic fatalities and 58 percentage of high transit service recovery of cost. Conclusion It is mainly concluded that the light rail network project established in Sydney city helps the people with easier transport from one place to another. This particular system also increases the investments and also save time. It mainly cut down the greenhouse gas emission and air pollutants. LRT becomes one of the best solutions of transportation problems in the city. It mainly provides efficient and fresh transit system that helps to fulfil the needs of Sydney city people. The main purpose of this particular project is to establish the light -rail project to reduce numbers of bus congestion within the city. Most of the routes of Sydney are served of buses; therefore there are long routes of traffic on roads. This particular rail route is frequently on-street and consequently it follows of comparable path to the routes which are being used by the tramway network. Recommendations There are various measures are to be taken to improve the light rail network of Sydney to enhance the efficiency of the transportation system. Following are the recommendations required to be follows: Design layout: An accurate design layout of the light rail network should be required to design which will cover the main routes of the city of Sydney. Construct at populated areas: The light rail network should require covering the populated area of Sydney so that more and more people should use this route to travel. It also helps in reduction of traffic congestion on the roads. References Birdsall, M., 2015. From Rapid Transit and Light Rail to Trains and Trams: Exploring Sydney, Australia's Expansive Public Transit Initiatives: PART TWO: SYDNEY'S LIGHT RAIL EXPANSION.Institute of Transportation Engineers. ITE Journal,85(12), p.28. Cao, J. and Ettema, D., 2014. Satisfaction with travel and residential self-selection: How do preferences moderate the impact of the Hiawatha Light Rail Transit line?.Journal of Transport and Land Use,7(3), pp.93-108. Clifton, G.T., Mulley, C. and Hensher, D.A., 2014. Bus Rapid Transit versus Heavy Rail in suburban SydneyComparing successive iterations of a proposed heavy rail line project to the pre-existing BRT network.Research in Transportation Economics,48, pp.126-141. Dziauddin, M.F., Alvanides, S. and Powe, N., 2013. Estimating the effects of light rail transit (LRT) system on the property values in the Klang Valley, Malaysia: A hedonic house price approach.Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences and Engineering),61(1), pp.35-47. Hensher, D.A., Mulley, C. and Rose, J.M., 2015. Understanding the relationship between voting preferences for public transport and perceptions and preferences for bus rapid transit versus light rail.Journal of Transport Economics and Policy (JTEP),49(2), pp.236-260. Luong, P. and Xia, M., 2016. The light rail revolution-a safety risk perspective.CORE 2016: Maintaining the Momentum, p.714. Ney, S.M. and Gray, D., 2014. Western Sydney Light Rail-connecting the people of Western Sydney to the future.CORE 2014: Rail Transport For A Vital Economy, p.111. Spears, S., Boarnet, M.G. and Houston, D., 2016. Driving reduction after the introduction of light rail transit: Evidence from an experimental-control group evaluation of the Los Angeles Expo Line.Urban Studies, p.0042098016657261. Kim, K. and Lahr, M.L., 2014. The impact of Hudson?Bergen Light Rail on residential property appreciation.Papers in Regional Science,93(S1). Seo, K., Golub, A. and Kuby, M., 2014. Combined impacts of highways and light rail transit on residential property values: A spatial hedonic price model for Phoenix, Arizona.Journal of Transport Geography,41, pp.53-62. Hensher, D.A., 2016. Why is Light Rail Starting to Dominate Bus Rapid Transit Yet Again?. Currie, G. and Delbosc, A., 2013. Exploring comparative ridership drivers of bus rapid transit and light rail transit routes.Journal of Public Transportation,16(2), p.3. Kamruzzaman, M., Baker, D., Washington, S. and Turrell, G., 2014. Advance transit oriented development typology: case study in Brisbane, Australia.Journal of Transport Geography,34, pp.54-70.

7 main approaches in psychology free essay sample

*Many psychologists may believe that each perspective has valid explanations depending on the specific situation, and this point of view is called eclectic. This term refers to the claim that no one perspective has all the answers to the variety of human thought and behavior. Psychologists tend to use various perspectives in their work depending on which point of view fits best with the explanation. Humanistic (1950s-Present) Carl Rogers-Person-centered therapy and unconditional positive regard Abraham Maslow-Hierarchy of Needs and Self-Actualization Unique aspects of human experience Belief that we choose most of our behaviors and these choices are guided by physiological, emotional or spiritual needs. Humans are free, rational beings with the potential for personal growth, and they are fundamentally different from animals. Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic (1900-Present) Sigmund Freud-Personality and States of Consciousness Carl Jung-the most important and lifelong task imposed upon any person is fulfillment through the process of individuation, achievement of harmony of conscious and unconscious, which makes a person one and whole Alfred Adler-IndividualPPsychology, a term which is sometimes misunderstood. We will write a custom essay sample on 7 main approaches in psychology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It refers to the indivisibility of the personality in its psychological structure. Unconscious determinants of behavior Belief that the unconscious minda part of our mind that we do not have conscious control over or access tocontrols much of our thought and action. Unconscious motives and experiences in early childhood govern personality and mental disorders.  Roger Sperry-showed that if the two hemispheres of the brain are separated by severing the corpus callosum (the large band of fibers that connects them), the transfer of information between the hemispheres ceases, and the coexistence in the same individual of two functionally different brains can be demonstrated. George Miller-The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on our Capacity for Processing Information Physiological bases of behavior in humans and animals An organism’s functioning can be explained in terms of the bodily structures and biochemical processes that underlie behavior. How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences Evolutionary/Darwinian (Also called sociobiologists) (1980s-Present) David Buss-His primary interests include the evolutionary psychology of human mating strategies; conflict between the sexes; prestige, status, and social reputation; the emotion of jealousy; homicide; anti-homicide defenses; and stalking. Charles Darwin-the Origin of Species in 1850. Evolutionary bases of behavior in humans and animals. Examines human thought and behavior in terms of natural selection. Behavior patterns have evolved to solve adaptive problems; natural selection favors behaviors that enhance reproductive success. B.F. Skinner-Operant Conditioning and invented the Skinner Box Effects of environment on the overt behavior of human and animals. Explain human thought and behavior in terms of conditioning and look strictly at observable behaviors and what reaction organisms get in response to specific behaviors. Belief that only observable events (stimulus response relationships) can be studied scientifically.  Noam Chomsky-Theorized the critical-period for language acquisition Herbert Simon-one of the founding fathers of modern research in artificial intelligence Ulric Neisser-focused on pattern recognition, visual search, brief information processing, and memory. Thoughts; mental process Examine human thought and behavior in terms of how we interpret, process, and remember environmental events. The rules that we use to view the world are important to understanding why we think and behave the way we do. Overall, human behavior cannot be fully understood without examining how people acquire, store, and process information.