What Was Paine s View Of Government For America

What were the principal arguments in support of independence, according to Thomas Paine? What was Paine’s view of government for America? While there is no direct evidence0 that Paine read Locke – is there any Locke in Paine’s writings? Discuss. Do we see any Locker principles in the reaction to the series of actions beginning with the Political Continental Congress’ Declaration of Resolves? Explain. What about the Declaration of Independence? If our experiences (history) inform our political culture and then our institutions, how do the â€Å"Intolerable† and other acts inform the Declaration and Resolves and the Declaration of Independence? Explain your points. Thomas Paine was a philosopher of religion, and science, hie wrote the common sense, he wrote a few essays depends on the occurred happen in his life. Paine life was so difficult with his wife s death, children, and losing his job. He lived in the Great Britain since 1737 was born i n Thetford, England. Thomas Paine became extremely important. In 1776, he published the first essay about the Common Sense. The reason why Paine wrote the common sense is to inspire the army and to make his vision become true of being an independent country. Paine was successful as a solid, but he pamphlet become so popular among the solid and inspires them to fight against the British. Paine was the real catalyst for freedom from British colonial rule. Thomas Paine argues that the government need to be involved, his reflection wasShow MoreRelatedHow Did Thomas Paine Influence The American Revolution795 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine was an England born political activist, theorist, philosopher and revolutionary. He was an influential writer of essays and pamphlets. His works included â€Å"The Age of Reason, â€Å"Rights of Man† and the widely known and well accepted â€Å"Common Sense†. He is one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and had a major infl uence on the American Revolution by helping shape many of the ideas that marked the Age of Revolution. His extremely popular Common Sense pamphlet (which I will be discussingRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine1036 Words   |  5 Pageswritten by Thomas Paine that inspired people in the Thirteen Colonies to declare and fight for independence from Great Britain. It was actually first published anonymously. Thomas Paine’s basic theme throughout Common Sense is that government is a â€Å"necessary evil†. His argument begins with more general reflections about government and religion, then progresses onto the specifics. There is a quote from the first page of Common Sense that lays out Paine s general conception of government. â€Å"Society in everyRead MoreThe Age Of Reason By Thomas Paine1089 Words   |  5 PagesThomas Paine was an influential 18th-century writer of essays and pamphlets. Among them were The Age of Reason, regarding the place of religion in society; Rights of Man, a piece defending the French Revolution; and Common Sense, which was published during the American Revolution. Common Sense, Paine s most influential piece, brought his ideas to a vast audience, swaying (the otherwise undecided) public opinion to the view that independence from the British was a necessity. Thomas Paine wasRead MoreThomas Paine : A Man For All Season1138 Words   |  5 Pagescommon sense.† (Common Sense, Thomas Paine) Thomas Paine is seen as one of the most influential and outspoken igniters of the American Revolution. In his pamphlet commonsense he addresses all the ideas of government and constitutional pragmatism. William Hogeland in his article Thomas Paine’s Revolutionary Reckoning. Hogeland describes Paine’s life in great detail as well as showing the conflict between Paine and President George Washington. The connection between Paine and Washington is one that reallyRead MorePaine s The Age Of Reason1192 Words   |  5 PagesPaine s American Pamphlet (to be independent from England - 1776) 48 pages in duration Thomas Paine (1737 - 1809) Anglo-American political activist / philosopher. Author of The Age of Reason. - - - Common Sense was an addressing for the America people, I doubt Thomas Paine intended the book to go beyond print and into the realm of digital media eight years ago. Now America again is about to elect another commander and chief on November 8th, I felt it was time to reinstate the words ofRead MoreThe Document Common Sense By Thomas Paine1714 Words   |  7 Pages The document Common Sense by Thomas Paine was written in 1775, and published in 1776. Though, in order to be shared with the public, Thomas Paine had to be inspired first. Some of the more common inspirations were derived from the ideas of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. The main points of Thomas Paine’s document were to separate from English rule and to form a democratic nation. Some of John Locke’s most common ideas of the human nature were that humans needed independence to thrive, a statementRead MoreThe Revolutionary War787 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: Paine Thomas Paine’s Role in the Revolutionary War Dallin Hodgkin Mountain View High School Paine What sparks a revolution? What motivates the average man to rise up against everything he’s ever known? There have been many revolutions that have taken place in the past and each one has had different elements that powered them. The revolutionary war is an example of one such revolution. But what gave it power? There are two main ideas that start revolutionsRead MoreThe Age of Reason and Revolution Essay810 Words   |  4 Pagesconflicts, and new visions of the world. The age of reason brought on many changes to religious, political, scientific, and literary aspects of the eighteenth century. The Age of Reason and Revolution was a time of change. This age, and the changes in it, was mainly brought upon by the Renaissance, along with some other technological inventions that made reasoning possible. But mainly, the Renaissance provided the historical roots for the Age of Reason. The Age ofRead MoreThe American Revolution Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pages In the midst of revolution, influential authors Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson each speak volumes about the clear vision that is to become independent America. It is the work of these individuals that one may accredit the characterization of America as it stands in the present day. In a country built on â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,† certain values have been deemed favorable by the founding fathers. American political culture has thus been molded into one representativeRead MoreThe British And Indian War1387 Words   |  6 Pagesthe mid-1700’s, British American Colonists were questioning their place under the British crown. The Colonists were proud to be part of the British Empire, especially after the recent victories of the French and Indian war, which gave the colonist a sense of pride and patriotism. However, British Parliament began to pass legislation that had laid a burden on the Colonists, as well as oppression. The Colonists began to question the power of the Crown, whether the idea of a Monarchy was a primitive

Sarbanes Oxley - 1476 Words

Financial scandals have impacted many individuals such as public companies and accounting firms. Sarbanes Oxley has made many changes to many companies. The major financial scandals have impacted many investors and required more regulations to avert this problems. Sarbanes Oxley has tried to increase ethics in the upper management in many public companies. The upper management has tried to improve on social responsibility and increase the public view. There are many critics to Sarbanes Oxley and many different suggestions on improvements. History of Sarbanes-Oxley Act Scandals of many forms shape regulations in many aspects. The Sarbanes Oxley Act was a new regulation that was initiated because of financial scandals. Tyco,†¦show more content†¦Social Responsibilities Corporate social responsibility is an organizations’ impact on society that goes beyond what is ethical. Being socially responsibility, an individual in upper management must realize how the actions might be able to influence the rest of the environment. If a company is socially responsible the company is honest, trustworthy, and display integrity while dealing with others and provides the attention to the stakeholders, build a community by searching for goals that are compatible with and respect individuals and accomplish silent triumphs. Some chief executive officers and chief financial officers had established policies in order to determine the corporate social responsibility by affecting the local community. Some individuals believe the corporate social responsibility can improve profits because it can promote respect for the company in the marketplace resulting in higher sales. A company can have corporate social responsibility in many manners such as treatment of employees, local community and increase ethical behavior within the company. If the upper management provides ethical behavior and is demonstrating to the employees and consumers it is a corporate social responsibility that is the most important. By respecting the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the managers show the employees and the local communityShow MoreRelatedSarbanes Oxley Act1322 Words   |  6 PagesSarbanes-Oxley Act The Sarbanes-Oxley is a U.S. federal law that has generated much controversy, and involved the response to the financial scandals of some large corporations such as Enron, Tyco International, WorldCom and Peregrine Systems. These scandals brought down the public confidence in auditing and accounting firms. The law is named after Senator Paul Sarbanes Democratic Party and GOP Congressman Michael G. Oxley. It was passed by large majorities in both Congress and the Senate and coversRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Memo1410 Words   |  6 Pages August 22, 2005 SUBJECT: Sarbanes-Oxley recommendations As consultants for Ancher Public Trading (APT), Learning Team A would like to discuss the implications of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) legislation. This memorandum provides a brief history of SOX ¡Ã‚ ¦s creation, explains the relationship amongst the FASB, SEC and PCAOB, describes the pros and cons of SOX, assesses the impacts of SOX, and lists ethical considerations of SOX. History of SOX - the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is legislation inRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Outline676 Words   |  3 PagesThe Ineffectiveness of the Sarbanes Oxley Act In Corporate Management and Accounting In the early 1990s, a young company named Enron was quickly moving up Fortune magazine’s chart of â€Å"America’s Most Innovative Company.† As the corporate world began to herald Enron as the next global leader in business, a dark secret loomed on the horizon of this great energy company. Aggressive entrepreneurs eager to push the company’s stock price higher and a series of fraudulent accounting procedures involvingRead MoreAnalysis of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act3143 Words   |  13 PagesAnalysis of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Abstract The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was enacted in July 30, 2002, by Congress to protect shareholders and the general public from fraudulent corporate practices and accounting errors and to maintain auditor independence.    In protecting the shareholders and the general public the SOX Act is intended to improve the transparency of the financial reporting.    Financial reports are to be certified by the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial OfficerRead MoreEssay on The Sarbanes-Oxley Act852 Words   |  4 Pagestoday that are using the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) legislation that helps to safeguard their company and their financial records. The Sarbanes-Oxley act began in 2002 and the purpose behind this act was to protect organizations, it had a major impact on accounting and record keeping. Because of Enron, they passed this act for publicly-traded corporations to better implement control to their enterprise data. â€Å"Named after Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Mic hael Oxley, who also set a number ofRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act and the PCAOB Essay1661 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act Overview: The development of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was a result of public company scandals. The Enron and Worldcom scandals, for example, helped investor confidence in entities traded on the public markets weaken during 2001 and 2002. Congress was quick to respond to the political crisis and enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which was signed into law by President Bush on July 30 (Edward Jones, 1), to restore investor confidence. In reference to SOX, penaltiesRead MoreSection 404 Sarbanes Oxley1957 Words   |  8 PagesThe Limitations of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Darren Abraham MSAF 670 University of Maryland University College The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) is a legislation enacted in 2002 under the sponsorship of U.S. Senator Paul Sarbanes (D-MD) and U.S. Representative Michael G. Oxley (R-OH). The law introduced increased government oversight for publicly held companies. It also imposes additional management responsibilities and corporate operating costs on companies tradingRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ACC/561 Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Following a number of discovered fraud scandals committed by well-known corporations and in order to restore public confidence in the stock market and trading of securities, the United States congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the year 2002. As a result of the act endorsement by the New York Stock Exchange and the Securities and Exchange Commission, among many other national overseeing committees, a number of rules and regulationsRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act Research Paper1787 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Sarbanes Oxley Act Research Project Brielle Lewis MBA 315 March 6, 2014 I. Abstract The purpose of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures made pursuant to the securities law, and for other purposes. (Lander, 2004) The Act created new standards for public companies and accounting firms to abide by. After multiple business failures due to fraudulent activities and embezzlement at companies such as Enron Sarbanes andRead MoreThe Implications of the Sarbanes Oxley Act on the Accounting Profession755 Words   |  4 PagesThe Implications of the Sarbanes Oxley Act on the Accounting Profession Abstract On July 30, 2002, the Sarbanes Oxley Act (also known as SOX) was signed into law by President George W. Bush. The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 is a federal law that set new or improved standards for all U.S. public company boards, management and public accounting firms. Covered in the eleven titles are additional corporate board responsibilities, auditing requirements and criminal penalties. This

The Conceptual Design of Light Rail Network-Samples for Students

Question: Write a report which Critically Analyses the Conceptual Design Phase of a Systems Engineering Project. Answer: Introduction This particular report is mainly based on the conceptual design of light rail network (LRN) of Australia. Light rail is also called as Light Rail Transit (LRT) which is one type of urban public transport that is mainly similar with tram ways in some extent (Cao and Ettema 2014). It is one of the speedy transport systems with the help of electrical powered train operated by drivers. It becomes one of the vital supports for the Australian people to get rid from traffic congestions of busy roads of Australia. The country also recognized the requirement to address both the congestions as well as accessibility of all problems. Hence, it always continue to evaluate the more capacity public transport solutions that mainly helps to reduce the congestions as well as provide different transport options that helps to make global, progressive and competitive city (Birdsall 2015). This particular report also discussed about the design framework of the light rail network system of the Australian city Sydney. It also elaborated about light rail network facilities in the city that mainly make the travel of people easier. Some recommendations are also mentioned for the enhancement of light rail network so that the traffic congestion problems get reduced in Australia. Need of definition The Sydney Light Rail Network is one of the light rail system that mainly supplies the Australian City, New South Wales. The light rail network is mainly controlled by New South Wales Government of transport. Apart from that, Clifton, Mulley and Hensher (2014) also discussed that light in particular context is mainly used for the light roads as well as faster movements rather than preferred weight. It also discussed that Sydney mainly developed an extensive tram network facilities that mainly grows as largest in world-wide. The lines owner mainly prepares the proposals for western extension of disused section within Central Business District (CBD) towards Central to Circular Quay (Dziauddin, Alvanides and Powe 2013). Apart from that, it also discussed that the transport system is one of the complementary mode of transport for passengers in eco-friendly and sustainable system. Because of increase in traffic congestion and pollution, it generates more problems for passengers of Sydney to travel from destination to other (Hensher, Mulley and Rose 2015). In terms of analyzing the light rail network development, the feasibility study is mainly done to examine the network if it is ideal for the pollution of Sydney. The purpose of line mainly built in terms of reducing the bus congestions in CBD as it mainly provides more capacities of public transport from University of the New South Wales to Sydney Football Stadium. This route is mainly served with bus facility so the traffic congestion is also high in those places. The important construction of LRN mainly started from 2015 which is predicted to be functional from 2019. On the other hand, Luong, and Xia (2016) also pointed out that LRN is mainly developed in underground which becomes one of the vital advantage in terms of reducing traffic congestions. All these developmental services are mainly operated by the use of one single class of light rail vehicle (LRV) (Ney and Gray 2014). This particular system mainly used standard gauge track by using 750 volts of current electrifications. The Sydney Light Rail is mainly incorporated of Inner West Light Rail that mainly operates in L1 Dulwich Hill Line. Apart from that, it also have 12.7 km route that mainly connects the Central Station with Dulwich Hill via 23 of light rail stops. This light rail network system mainly improves based on public transport in terms of accessing different entertainment facilities with access of sports (Spears, Boarnet and Houston 2016). It is also compared with development of other automobiles facilities, the growth of light rail becomes one of the cost effective transport so lution in Australia. It also discussed that light rail also able to increase the speed of 25-30 km/hr depending on the movements of abatements. Conceptual design of light rail network The light rail framework is mainly proposed for the city Sydney that is mainly located in Australia. It highlights that within the network of light rail it also covers different entertainments and sport areas like Town Hall, Bridge Street, Central, Royal Randwick, Surry Hills, UNSW High Street, Moore Park and different other places (Kim and Lahr 2014). The Australian government mainly lacks of proper funding due to which the development of heavy rails become more expensive in comparison with light rail. The costing of the system is mainly needed to do proper analysis of the system that mainly develop cost effective solution to reduce traffic congestion problems of Sydney. According to recent days data, more that 40,000 people travels by light rail system of Sydney on daily basis (Seo, Golub and Kuby 2014). Due to the reason of being an underground project it also does not occur any types of blockage on roads. NSW government is being committed to provide first class and integrate of p ublic transport network. CBD as well as South East Light Rail is one of the major projects into transformation of Sydney. The light rail network mainly offers lots of capabilities and both consistent and easily reachable solution for Sydney people. However, it also results up to 220 peak hours buses entering the city that mainly serves expected growth of South East as well as improves the access to different important destinations of Sydney like Royal Randwick Racecourse, University of NWS etc (Currie and Delbosc 2013). This particular project mainly allows more improvements in customer experience as well as also increases the economic growth of Sydney. Some of the benefits occurred due to the implementation of Light Rail Network at Sydney are listed below: Sustainability: LRN mainly creates various developmental opportunities and sustainable transport in Sydney (Kamruzzaman et al. 2014). This particular project mainly improves the performance and minimizes the emissions from transport network. Moreover, it also reduces the greenhouse gas emission in a large quantity. Travellers: Some of most common travellers of LRN include office employees, students, and businessman (Birdsall 2015). Within minimum span of time, passenger travels from one part of city to another. It mainly used to reduce the traffic congestions on Sydneys roads. This Light Rail Network mainly moves with more than 8000 people per hour in every direction and also supports with consumer-friendly transport services in Australia. Ticketing system: LRN incorporate new electronic system ticketing of NSW government that mainly trustworthy for both timetables and fares of trains (Cao and Ettema 2014). This new ticketing system also risen the interest of more people to travel with light rail. Development cost: CBD as well as South East Light Rail is delivering an estimation of $4 billion into benefits to Sydney as well as NSW. Following table will show the development cost of the light rail network: Activities Cost Economic benefits $2.50 million Invested delivers $1 million Environmental and health benefits $308 million Pedestrians $333 million Benefits of public transport customers $ 2 billion Wider economic benefits $222 million Road users $264 million Operating savings $707 million The infrastructure design of light rail network mainly follows different routes of tram lines of previous network (Clifton, Mulley and Hensher 2014). This particular route also includes both off-street and on-street section travelling from one place to another. There are more than 8-10 traffic light controlled connections that mainly created along with routes. Different changes are mainly taken considered that include revision of platform length at different stops to increase the tram length from 45m to 67m (Hensher, Mulley and Rose 2015). This network also forms new clients of light rail network that mainly focussed on convenient interchanges, development of seamless supported by lots of consumer information and different method finding techniques. Figure 1: Sydney Light Rail route map (Source: created by author) Based on the rail-route of Sydney Light Rail Network, it mainly requires some changes in the bus routes of Sydney Central Business districts. Based on light rail construction, the bus route also gets minimized to few extents in some places (Luong and Xia 2016). Due to this transportation system, the large rail network results into 400 percentage of higher per capita transit ridership, 21 percentage of lower per capita mileage of motor vehicle, 36 percentage per capita of traffic fatalities and 58 percentage of high transit service recovery of cost. Conclusion It is mainly concluded that the light rail network project established in Sydney city helps the people with easier transport from one place to another. This particular system also increases the investments and also save time. It mainly cut down the greenhouse gas emission and air pollutants. LRT becomes one of the best solutions of transportation problems in the city. It mainly provides efficient and fresh transit system that helps to fulfil the needs of Sydney city people. The main purpose of this particular project is to establish the light -rail project to reduce numbers of bus congestion within the city. Most of the routes of Sydney are served of buses; therefore there are long routes of traffic on roads. This particular rail route is frequently on-street and consequently it follows of comparable path to the routes which are being used by the tramway network. Recommendations There are various measures are to be taken to improve the light rail network of Sydney to enhance the efficiency of the transportation system. Following are the recommendations required to be follows: Design layout: An accurate design layout of the light rail network should be required to design which will cover the main routes of the city of Sydney. Construct at populated areas: The light rail network should require covering the populated area of Sydney so that more and more people should use this route to travel. It also helps in reduction of traffic congestion on the roads. References Birdsall, M., 2015. From Rapid Transit and Light Rail to Trains and Trams: Exploring Sydney, Australia's Expansive Public Transit Initiatives: PART TWO: SYDNEY'S LIGHT RAIL EXPANSION.Institute of Transportation Engineers. ITE Journal,85(12), p.28. Cao, J. and Ettema, D., 2014. Satisfaction with travel and residential self-selection: How do preferences moderate the impact of the Hiawatha Light Rail Transit line?.Journal of Transport and Land Use,7(3), pp.93-108. Clifton, G.T., Mulley, C. and Hensher, D.A., 2014. Bus Rapid Transit versus Heavy Rail in suburban SydneyComparing successive iterations of a proposed heavy rail line project to the pre-existing BRT network.Research in Transportation Economics,48, pp.126-141. Dziauddin, M.F., Alvanides, S. and Powe, N., 2013. Estimating the effects of light rail transit (LRT) system on the property values in the Klang Valley, Malaysia: A hedonic house price approach.Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences and Engineering),61(1), pp.35-47. Hensher, D.A., Mulley, C. and Rose, J.M., 2015. Understanding the relationship between voting preferences for public transport and perceptions and preferences for bus rapid transit versus light rail.Journal of Transport Economics and Policy (JTEP),49(2), pp.236-260. Luong, P. and Xia, M., 2016. The light rail revolution-a safety risk perspective.CORE 2016: Maintaining the Momentum, p.714. Ney, S.M. and Gray, D., 2014. Western Sydney Light Rail-connecting the people of Western Sydney to the future.CORE 2014: Rail Transport For A Vital Economy, p.111. Spears, S., Boarnet, M.G. and Houston, D., 2016. Driving reduction after the introduction of light rail transit: Evidence from an experimental-control group evaluation of the Los Angeles Expo Line.Urban Studies, p.0042098016657261. Kim, K. and Lahr, M.L., 2014. The impact of Hudson?Bergen Light Rail on residential property appreciation.Papers in Regional Science,93(S1). Seo, K., Golub, A. and Kuby, M., 2014. Combined impacts of highways and light rail transit on residential property values: A spatial hedonic price model for Phoenix, Arizona.Journal of Transport Geography,41, pp.53-62. Hensher, D.A., 2016. Why is Light Rail Starting to Dominate Bus Rapid Transit Yet Again?. Currie, G. and Delbosc, A., 2013. Exploring comparative ridership drivers of bus rapid transit and light rail transit routes.Journal of Public Transportation,16(2), p.3. Kamruzzaman, M., Baker, D., Washington, S. and Turrell, G., 2014. Advance transit oriented development typology: case study in Brisbane, Australia.Journal of Transport Geography,34, pp.54-70.

7 main approaches in psychology free essay sample

*Many psychologists may believe that each perspective has valid explanations depending on the specific situation, and this point of view is called eclectic. This term refers to the claim that no one perspective has all the answers to the variety of human thought and behavior. Psychologists tend to use various perspectives in their work depending on which point of view fits best with the explanation. Humanistic (1950s-Present) Carl Rogers-Person-centered therapy and unconditional positive regard Abraham Maslow-Hierarchy of Needs and Self-Actualization Unique aspects of human experience Belief that we choose most of our behaviors and these choices are guided by physiological, emotional or spiritual needs. Humans are free, rational beings with the potential for personal growth, and they are fundamentally different from animals. Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic (1900-Present) Sigmund Freud-Personality and States of Consciousness Carl Jung-the most important and lifelong task imposed upon any person is fulfillment through the process of individuation, achievement of harmony of conscious and unconscious, which makes a person one and whole Alfred Adler-IndividualPPsychology, a term which is sometimes misunderstood. We will write a custom essay sample on 7 main approaches in psychology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It refers to the indivisibility of the personality in its psychological structure. Unconscious determinants of behavior Belief that the unconscious minda part of our mind that we do not have conscious control over or access tocontrols much of our thought and action. Unconscious motives and experiences in early childhood govern personality and mental disorders.  Roger Sperry-showed that if the two hemispheres of the brain are separated by severing the corpus callosum (the large band of fibers that connects them), the transfer of information between the hemispheres ceases, and the coexistence in the same individual of two functionally different brains can be demonstrated. George Miller-The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on our Capacity for Processing Information Physiological bases of behavior in humans and animals An organism’s functioning can be explained in terms of the bodily structures and biochemical processes that underlie behavior. How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences Evolutionary/Darwinian (Also called sociobiologists) (1980s-Present) David Buss-His primary interests include the evolutionary psychology of human mating strategies; conflict between the sexes; prestige, status, and social reputation; the emotion of jealousy; homicide; anti-homicide defenses; and stalking. Charles Darwin-the Origin of Species in 1850. Evolutionary bases of behavior in humans and animals. Examines human thought and behavior in terms of natural selection. Behavior patterns have evolved to solve adaptive problems; natural selection favors behaviors that enhance reproductive success. B.F. Skinner-Operant Conditioning and invented the Skinner Box Effects of environment on the overt behavior of human and animals. Explain human thought and behavior in terms of conditioning and look strictly at observable behaviors and what reaction organisms get in response to specific behaviors. Belief that only observable events (stimulus response relationships) can be studied scientifically.  Noam Chomsky-Theorized the critical-period for language acquisition Herbert Simon-one of the founding fathers of modern research in artificial intelligence Ulric Neisser-focused on pattern recognition, visual search, brief information processing, and memory. Thoughts; mental process Examine human thought and behavior in terms of how we interpret, process, and remember environmental events. The rules that we use to view the world are important to understanding why we think and behave the way we do. Overall, human behavior cannot be fully understood without examining how people acquire, store, and process information.

St. Anselm’s version of the Ontological Argument and Gaunilo’s objection to it Essay Example

St. Anselm’s version of the Ontological Argument and Gaunilo’s objection to it Paper Anselm of Canterbury was one of the early promoters of the Ontological Argument supporting the existence of God. He argues that God exists on the basis that ‘something-than-which-nothing-greater-can-be-thought’ should necessarily exist in reality. In other words, just as anything a painter can conceive of can be materialized into a painting, the conception of God is a terminal point for human imagination. To the extent that it is imaginable, the object exists. To the extent that it is the ultimate in the scale of imagination, it must be God. Anselm goes on to claim that that God cannot be thought not to exist is further proof. He says, ‘something-than-which-a-greater-cannot-be-thought’ exists so truly that it cannot even be thought not to exist. If a creature is able to think of something better and bigger than God, it would have to be above its Creator and be judging its Creator. Since this is logically impossible, it is only God who not only truly exists b ut also exists to the highest degree. Anselm goes on to point to an apparent contradiction in the fool’s (nonbeliever) thinking. He asks rhetorically â€Å"How indeed has he ‘said in his heart’ what he could not think; or how could he not think what he ‘said in his heart’, since to ‘say in one’s heart’ and to ‘think’ are the same?† (Anselm, p.21) And finally, Anselm posits that God is whatever it is better to be than not to be and that, â€Å"existing through himself alone, he makes all other beings from nothing†. (Anselm, p.21) Gaunilo of Marmoutiers makes a strong case on behalf of the fools. He makes a point-to-point rebuttal of the claims of Anselm’s Ontological Argument. Gaunilo counters that that-which-is-greater-than-everything should actually exist in reality just as it exists in the mind. It cannot simply be assumed, as the Ontologists have done, that God must exist because he is that entity which is conceived to be greater-than-everything. Gaunilo makes another salient observation about human cognition and human intelligence. Gaunilo goes on to clarify the example of the painter. The painting, at the time of its conception, is the product of the artist’s creativity and is thus an integral part of his very understanding. This understanding is not the same as the ultimate truth that God represents. Hence, even granting that ‘there-was-something-than-which-nothing-greater-could-be-thought’, â€Å"this thing, heard and understood, would not, however, be the same as the not-y et-made picture is in the mind of the painter†. Moreover, when it is said that God cannot be thought not to exist, it is prudent instead to say that it â€Å"cannot be understood not to exist nor even to be able not to exist†. (Gaunilo, p.24) We will write a custom essay sample on St. Anselm’s version of the Ontological Argument and Gaunilo’s objection to it specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on St. Anselm’s version of the Ontological Argument and Gaunilo’s objection to it specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on St. Anselm’s version of the Ontological Argument and Gaunilo’s objection to it specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I find Gaunilo’s defence of the Fool more convincing than Anselm’s original thesis. To elaborate, each individual has a limitation to his imaginative powers as well as varied ability to understand complex matters. In that case, if the existence of God is derived from the ability of the mind, aren’t some individuals better endowed to grasp this supposed reality than others? What about people suffering from psychiatric disorders or mental retardation? Are they capable of conceiving God? If not, does that mean God doesn’t exist? The problem with Ontological Arguments arises because of their primacy to the subjective experiences of an individual’s mind. I also find Gaunilo’s allegory of the ‘Lost Island’ to be a fitting rebuttal to Anselm’s proposition. Anselm of Canterbury was one of the early promoters of the Ontological Argument supporting the existence of God. He argues that God exists on the basis that ‘something-than-which-nothing-greater-can-be-thought’ should necessarily exist in reality. In other words, just as anything a painter can conceive of can be materialized into a painting, the conception of God is a terminal point for human imagination. To the extent that it is imaginable, the object exists. To the extent that it is the ultimate in the scale of imagination, it must be God. Anselm goes on to claim that that God cannot be thought not to exist is further proof. He says, ‘something-than-which-a-greater-cannot-be-thought’ exists so truly that it cannot even be thought not to exist. If a creature is able to think of something better and bigger than God, it would have to be above its Creator and be judging its Creator. Since this is logically impossible, it is only God who not only truly exists b ut also exists to .

Un dia asul essays

Un dia asul essays Computers have been around for a long time. They have evolved thrugh the years, but two major companies are at the top of the hill. These two computers companies are Macs and Pcs ,but eventhough both of them are personal and businnes computers, they differ in hardware, software, and compability. Mac computers were the first ones to come out to the market. Their hardware is still compact like the first one 20 years ago; their monitor is ensamble together with the CPU, making the computers one big box. Their softwares and programs are too complicated for the average person; it is need it to type keyboards comands for the computer to work. To top it all of, the Macs are not compatible with almost any of the products that are sell in stores, or neither with on-line downloads. On the other hand, PCs came out a couple of years after Macs. As soon as people started to try them, they got very popular. Their hardware comes ceparlly, and one can chosse between any CPU or monitor that one want. PC's softwares are so eassy that even a 6 years old child can learn to use it. Not like Macs, PCs can use any of the programs that are in stores. PCs are very compatible with others equipments, and with any online programs. I personally like PCs more that Macs; I love the way PCs are structure in their programs. If PCs make life eassier, Macs will make it more complicated. One good example of this can be found in any office. Because Macs are more complicated, any work that people save or do, can be easily lose. To conclude, I can say that eventhough Macs and PCs are personal and businnes computers, they differ in hardware, software, and compability. To solve this problem both computers companies should work together, and maybe that way their softwares,hardwares, and compability would be the same. ...

Discipline Profile on Real estate sales Research Paper

Discipline Profile on Real estate sales - Research Paper Example 6). In house language consists of jargons mostly drawn from business and law and at times the construction industry. For example, words such as a balloon mortgage might not mean much to an ordinary person but in a realtor’s office, it makes all sense. This reason creates a difference in the language used in academics and professional practise of a real estate agent. In school and other educational facilities, real estate students learn and diversify both the professional terms and learn people skills and language (â€Å"Become a REALTOR ®Ã¢â‚¬  par. 2). The sole reason for this is that these students usually do not end up all in the same field. Some do research into real estate field while others become advisors to firms, and only a number become real estate sales agents (â€Å"NAR: About NAR: Careers in Real Estate† par. 10). These sales agents are professionals in their respect. In addition, their professional field experience usually involves both the knowledge o f professional terms and language and how to interact with clients. These agents need to have all the information about setting prices and negotiating to achieve great deals. Negotiation as a feature of language involves the compromise of position, the art of conviction, and the instrument of language that enables one to achieve consensus even in hostile conditions (Lipman 145). This language focuses on establishing and building relationships with clients and knowing their likes and interests in a property. This technique combines words with actions and splits language into verbal and non-verbal. The non-verbal language creates a sense of hospitality and openness. It makes the client trust the agent and in doing this the agent can get to know how to best deal with this customer (â€Å"NAR: About NAR: Careers in Real Estate† par. 2). Therefore, in general, language used in real estate sales primarily borrows from

Brand Image Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Brand Image Development - Essay Example Competitor Selection Coca-cola Company has been a successful company over the years and is the leading group in the beverage industry. It is known for the production of brands which include coke, Fanta, coke classic and Diet coke. It is a company that ensures that the demands of all consumers are met by their production of a wide variety of drinks. The company is devoted to offering secure and high quality beverages (The coca-cola company, 2012). They have gained the trust from customers because they provide honest and correct data especially on the nutritional information. This explains why it has a high-quality over all over the world. The products offered are of different sizes so that the consumer can choose from a variety. It recognizes the fact that the world is dynamic, and changes every day, therefore, they develop their products accordingly. The competitors have a low representation as Coca-Cola has the biggest percent, 70% of consumers as compared to Pepsi’s 20% and Schweppes’s, 10%. Analysis of Price The prices are reasonable and are developed depending on the market. They also vary depending on the size of the bottle and seasons. (The coca-cola company, 2012) Some seasons such as summer have the prices of the products elevated. Research shows that 13% of consumers buy products in relation to price. Analysis of Distribution Distribution is offered to middle men and retailers, and this way, the products are sold extensively. This incentive is taken to reduce the costs associated with individual distribution. They have one main distribution point whereby the middle men obtain the products. Coca-cola products are well distributed with only 3% who do not have some of the products available. Analysis of Promotion The coca-cola company promotes their products by conducting sales events, and develops competitions with prizes to be won. Promotions are aimed to persuade the customer and make them purchase the goods. Advertising is also a form of promotion in which Coca-cola is known for their catchy advertisements. This is done through newspapers, television, posters and billboards. They also offer scholarships to students and also sponsor events such as games (The ‘coca-cola’ brand & sponsorship, 2000). Coca-cola has been successful because of their uniqueness around the world. It maintains to be the most trusted beverage brand and is the most preferred brand in relation to the research. This shows that they promote their products in the right manner. Part 2 Brand Background Founded in 1886, coca-cola has continued to develop extensively throughout the world. (The Coca-Cola Company, 2012). Coca-Cola has kept on implementing brand strategies that involve renewing policies and systems to keep up with the changing world. Coca-cola believes in responsible marketing of their products. This is explained by the fact that they target different customers including children. The company, therefore, has a policy that co vers responsible marketing all over the world. Coca-Cola mainly targets the young people, and that is why most of advertising on media is done by young people. Coca-Cola has been the leading brand because the company keeps on reinventing their products.  

Budgeting in Business Operation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Budgeting in Business Operation - Term Paper Example Budgeting is such process that companies use to plan their business activities regarding time and money. This process makes the business operations undergo in an effective and efficient manner. According to Morgan (2006), a company’s financial success depends largely on the budgeting decisions that its managers take concerning all financial aspects of the business. Therefore, it is imperative for a company to develop a perfect budget plan that should help the company achieve its desired goals and objectives, as well as it should help it maintain the financial equilibrium. Objectives In this paper, we will discuss different aspects and key areas related to the process of budgeting in order to understand the role that budgeting plays in the success of a company. We will discuss in detail certain issues in order to know the importance of budgeting for a company. Topics in Detail about Budgeting and Discussion The topics which will be covered in this project include functions of b udgeting, employee motivation through budgeting, responsibilities of budget holders, budgetary control, capital budgeting, and techniques of capital budgeting. Discussing these topics will help us get a good understanding of some of the core aspects of budgeting. Let us discuss all of these topics in some detail. Functions of budgeting 1. Financial Analysis Budgeting helps firms in doing financial analysis. Managers of the firms can know the exact financial position of the company through proper budgeting. They can know the actual strength of their company and can take various decisions based on that financial analysis. They can know what is happening in reality related to the use of money for various business activities. Budgeting is a process that provides managers with the information concerning the current financial position of the company, capital in hand for the company, and predicted future expenditures related to current and ongoing business processes. Companies can save the ir capital and related business expenditures through effective budgeting. The proper financial analysis also helps companies cut off the extra costs from the business expenditures and utilize the available capital for other business activities. 2. Planning Budgeting helps companies properly plan their business activities in accordance with the financial analysis report and available budget. Planning is one of the key business processes that help companies take calculated steps towards progress. A company can take measurable steps regarding its future activities, such as, loan decisions, investment decisions, employees’ salary increment, compensation and benefits, and buying or selling decisions after forecasting the financial position and planning for activities. 3. Communication is another key function of budgeting. If a company makes some kind of financial contract with some other company, budgeting helps in resolving all kinds of issues regarding the use of capital between the two companies. Companies can set priorities considering their budgets in order to escape from financial issues and conflicts. An effective budget is one which assists companies to communicate with each other for discussing various money-related issues, such as, the way the companies should spend the money and the amount of money they should spend on different business ventures. 4. Motivation Budgeting is a process that plays a critical role in motivating the employees of a company.

Background Of Online Banking In Vietnam Marketing Essay

Background Of Online Banking In Vietnam Marketing Essay Introduction The explosion of Internet technology has revolutionized todays economic globally. The changes and innovation of technology has altered the way banking industry can offer its services to customers. A makeable online banking has emerged as the most important online transaction platform for e-commerce, e-shopping, internet stock trading or online auction (Lee, 2009). Internet banking is utilized as a medium with faster transaction speed and lower handling fees (Kalakota and Whinston, 1997). Furthermore, there is no additional software needed when customers conducting transactions on websites (Polasik and Wisniewski, 2009). With the improved online security, customers not only can check their balances on banks websites; online banking allows conducting transactions that are more complicated such as transferring funds, paying bills or even writing checks. Their trustworthiness on online has nevertheless increased (Tan amd Teo, 2000). Banking industry has initiated a paradigm shift from traditional brick and mortal branches to online. In banks websites, customers serve themselves without the need of frontline staff. To this, banks benefited from staff reduction, lesser branch sizes, and paper-related works (Tan and Teo, 2000; Compaq, 2001). According to Burham (1996), the establishment of website consumes less than US$25,000 in which the website maintenance also costs less than US$25,000 annually a big different as compared to maintain a branch. For the customer point of view, convenience and efficiency are the great motivation for them to use online banking (Bruno, 2003). Customers do not need to go to bank, queue up, waiting or constrained by banks operating hours. It offers customers anytime, anywhere banking facilities (Lassar et al., 2005). There is a rapid growth of customers in using online banking services. The report of International Data Corporation (IDC) report shows that the online banking users has surpassed a total of one hundred million by 2004 (Maenpaa et al., 2008). The importance and advantages of online banking has prompted banking industry to rethink their strategy and for long-term survival, most of the banks go online (Tan and Teo, 2000). To stay competitive in the global market, developing countries like Malaysia and Vietnam have tentatively launched their online banking. Malaysia has actively developed e-banking since the mid of 2000 (Poon, 2008). Vietnam Government emphasis strongly on telecommunication development and has implemented internet in order to increase e-commerce usage (Chong et al., 2010). Although Malaysia and Vietnam are from the Southeast Asia region, elements like legal, cultural, social, political, and technical influence among both countries are different. The different elements ad d further the complexity in using online applications (Tarasewich et al., 2002). The degree of different cultural context in both nations will influence the typical ways on how online applications are applied in an online banking system (Zakaria and Stanton, 2003). Beyond the recognition diverse in cultural aspects on consumer behaviors, there is a need to improve the conceptual underpinning the similarities and differences across both countries by understanding the factors that predict customers intention in using online banking. To attract more customers engaging in online banking, it is crucial for banks to develop channel characteristics that are preferable by customers. This paper analyzes the customers attitude towards online banking in both Malaysia and Vietnam context and their preference factors in accepting online banking channel. An in-depth understanding of consumer perceptions and behavior are needed to be understood in order to enhance online banking functionality. For early adopter countries like Malaysia and Vietnam, the ultimate success of online banking still depended on customers willingness to use online banking. Thus, it is important to identify the antecedents of customer acceptance towards online banking. Comprehending what are essentials enticing customers to use online banking will provide management great insight in developing effective strategies to remain competitive in the industry and hold market share. In our research, we rely on the technology acceptance model (TAM), in particular perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use in linking with behavioral intention to use online banking. The framework is then synthesized with other antecedents such as trust to study customers confidence in their decision to try a new technology; and government e-readiness factor in both nations of Malaysia and Vietnam. We begin the paper by exploring the background of online banking in both countries. Following by examining the theoretical used and hypothesis developed. After that, description on methodology and analysis is provided. We performed results, discussions on findings, limitations of the study, implications of study, and finally, conclusions. Background of Online Banking in Malaysia In Malaysia, the advancement in ICT has embarked a wide range E-business implementation in many companies. By launching Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) as a mean to facilitate businesses through a host of privileges that entail world class services and infrastructure as well as financial incentives, Malaysia has captured a total revenue of US$383.5 million from E-commerce in 2000 and the figure boosted up to US$9336.2 million in 2005 (MDC, 2003). Banking institutions have actively exploited the opportunities that arise from these developments. Since 2000, many banks anticipated in developing Internet banking (Poon, 2008). The electronic revolution in Malaysian banking sector has historically started by introducing Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) by 1981, which provide customers the extending banking hours beyond office hours (Jawahitha et al., 2003). This computerized telecommunication device provides customers the convenient to access to financial transactions in a wider geographical locations. After that, another service channel was introduced in the early of 1990s, namely tele-banking. This service is eventually connected with Automated Voice Response (AVR) technology. However, Malaysian banks showed little interest as public showed a relatively low interest of response rate (Jawahitha et al., 2003). With the strong emphasis and encouragement by government in the usage and adoption of personal computer, banking environment has undergone a more drastic revolution by offering online banking services through their interactive company websites in 2000. Maybank is the first bank that provides online banking services in Malaysia through www.maybank2U.com portal. It was then followed by Hong Leong Bank, Southern Bank and Multi-Purpose Bank. (Suganthi et al., 2001). At present, there are 24 banks offering online banking facilities. Online banking is getting its popularity in Malaysia. It has received overwhelming responses from customers due to its convenience and has proven advantage in reducing costs. The number of online banking subscribers has increased from 3.2 million in 2006 to 7.5 million in 2009, with the population penetration rate from 11.6% (2006) to 25.9% (2009) (www.bnm.gov.my). Apparently, this positive sign has enlighten the banks to continuous seeking ways to enhance the use of electronic applications more comprehensive and effectively. Nevertheless, consumers are demanding for better transparency, integrity and communication of online banking services. Therefore, it is important to investigate the factors that influence the use of online banking. The strength and capability of financial institutions to harness appropriate ICT strategies is crucial to continue to position themselves for better success in this new era through customer retention and growth in the market share. Background of Online Banking in Vietnam In the mid-1980s, the Communist Party of Vietnam formally ended its centralized planned economy and began to adopt economic reform program, widely known as doi moi or Renovation, as a mean to open itself to the world. Since that, Vietnam has started to appear as one of the important economy emergence in Asia Pacific area (Phan, 2008). The first entry of Internet was in November 1997. Given this opportunity, Vietnamese companies have increased their emphasis to implement computerized system and IT facilities in their daily business operations. However, most of the commercial websites are mainly used for promotion purposes instead of real existent of online transactions. (Huang and Swierczek, 2008). Vietnams industrialization has led to rapid ICT growth. Under the Overall Plan on Developing E-Commerce, Vietnamese Government encourages more companies to implement e-commerce in their business operations (Peoples Daily, 2006). In order to stay competitive in the challenging marketplace, companies encode e-commerce implementation as a vital element in their business strategy. As of 2000, the Internet penetration rate has reached 0.3 percent (0.2 million users) of the population. In 2009, the Internet users have surged to a total of 22 million, presented a 25.7 percent of total population (Internet World Stats, 2009). Vietnam Government started to focus on service sector by realizing its feasibility and effective impact on the overall business. The Government aims to stimulate efficient e-commerce development by encouraging people to use it (Chong et al., 2010). With that, online banking is viewed as an important tool or medium to leverage the success of e-commerce implementation. Vietnamese banks have made efforts to establish inter-bank networks to support online payments. The system processing of commercial banks have been improved and banks applied more advanced software and application programs (english.vietnamnet.vn). However, there is a lack of integrated technical system between organizations and banks to provide customers a more structured and systematic payment system. Furthermore, the lack of law and regulations establishment regarded to online banking issues still remained undefined which have led to many difficulties in dispute settlement. As online banking in Vietnam is getting popul ar and offer banks better cost-effective solution, therefore this study aims to examine factors that influence the acceptance of online banking in the country. Technology Adoption Model It has been found that users attitudes and behavior towards acceptance of a new information system indicated a critical impact towards the successful technology adoption (Davis, 1989; Venkatesh and Davis, 1996; Succi and Walter, 1999). This is due to the fact that, the more users accept new information system, the more they will try and start to use it (Succi and Walter, 1999). Given these, researchers have been trying to find factors that influence individual in accepting new technology. One of the most popular and utilized model of technology adoption is the technology acceptance model (TAM) (Davis et al, 1989; Davis and Venkatesh, 1996; Al-Gahtani, 2001). As online banking is one type of technology innovation (Lin and Lee, 2005), we propose the technology acceptance model (TAM) as the theoretical foundation in this study to predict users online banking usage and preference, which in turn, determined users beliefs towards the online banking system (Joaquin et al, 2009). There are two important components in TAM, which are perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU). The first determinant refers to the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performance (Davis et al., 1989). In the context of online banking, it refers to the degree on how effective an online banking system assists in productivity, work, and cost-saving (Rao, 2003). Perceived ease of use is the degree to which the prospective adopters expect new technology adopted to be free effort regarding its transfer and utilization (Davis et al., 1989). In this context, the easier adopters find it to learn and use online banking system, the higher the potential he or she will adopt it (Chong et al., 2010). Although many studies showed TAM is a useful, valid and reliable model (Jeyaraj et al., 2006), many researchers have extended the model by adding different variables based on the types of information system or technology they studied. A critical review from Legris et al. (2003) revealed that there is a need to include other components in order to have better explanations and broader view in new technology adoption. In this cross-cultural study, trust and government e-readiness components are added in order to have better picture in their decision on online banking adoption. The two additional components can be varied as they posit different cultural backgrounds within these both countries. Perceived Usefulness In the model of TAM, perceived usefulness is a significant factor affecting in the acceptance of information system (Davis et al., 1989). It is also has been found to have direct effect towards online banking adoption (Eriksson et al., 2005; Pikkarainen et al., 2004). Similarly, Numerous papers have been studied about perceived usefulness on online banking. For example, Wong et al. (2003) explored that perceived usefulness has positive significant effect on behavioral intention towards online banking in Taiwan context. The study concluded that Taiwanese exploit online banking systems as they find the system is useful and comfortable to use. Pikkarainen et al. (2004) further indicated that perceived usefulness was found to be the most influential driver in online banking service. The findings explained that users choose to use online banking because of it anticipates better advantages as compared to other delivery channels. In Thailand, perceived usefulness is significant among Thai consumers intention to use and it has became a prominent encouragement for them to use online banking services (Jaruwachirathanakul and Fink, 2005). In this research context, perceived usefulness refers to consumers perceptions in using Internet as a financial transaction medium in order to enhance their banking experiences. These perceptions will influence consumers attitude toward online banking and their intention to use it. The main reason users start to use online banking services as they find the systems are useful and convenient during their transactions. Therefore, we test the following hypothesis: H1. Perceived usefulness has a positive association with consumers intention to adopt the online banking. Perceived Ease of Use Besides perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use is found as one of the important influential in adopting new technology (Davis et al., 1989). Perceived usefulness is the extend on how effective Internet and its applications in assisting consumers to accomplish tasks; on the other hand, perceived ease of use is the degree on how easy to use Internet as a medium to complete tasks (Toà ±ita et al., 2004). The beliefs of a person on the difficulty to use online systems will affect his or her intention to continue to use a technology (Davis, 1989). In the words, the complexity of certain online applications will tend to discourage or slow down technology adoption (Rogers, 1995). Various studies have offered insights on the significant effect of perceived ease of use on behavioral intention. According to Moon and Kim (2001), information systems not only should be easy to use, it should also stress on user friendly features. With that, users will feel less threatening and have more confident when using it. Eventually, this implies that perceived ease of use will affect the users perceived credibility during their interaction and exchanges on Internet. In a subsequent study, Wang et al (2003) documented that perceived ease of use had a significant effect on behavioral intention. This is highly related to users that have higher self-efficacy towards computer usage. The finding indicated that Taiwanese views interfaces and applications on banks websites are understandable and online banking is easy to apply and use. In a later study, Amin et al (2008) also revealed that there is a positive relationship between perceived ease of use and mobile banking adoption. By understanding that perceived ease of use will affect consumers attitude and intention, therefore it is important to identify the latent dimensions of this construct in online banking. Thus, we hypothesized that: H2. Perceived ease of use has a positive effect on consumers intention to adopt the online banking. Trust Trust is a crucial factor in many transactional relationships. Trust exists when one party is confident with anothers reliability and credibility (Morgan and Hunt, 1994; Ranaweera and Phrabu, 2003). According to Eriksson et al. (2005), trust is defined as the perceptions towards security and reliability of online banking system from the perspective of customers. The issue of online banking is more critical in comparing to offline banking (Al-Somali et al., 2008). As online banking transactions required sensitive information and access to critical files which transferred via Internet (Alsojjan and Dennis, 2006; Suh and Han, 2002). Therefore, it adds further the complexity to examine online banking trust as the interpersonal trust not only relying between banks and customers, but also between customers and information system (McKnight and Chervany, 2001-2002). To this, Grà ¶nroos (2001) concluded that the professionalism in the aspects on intelligent systems and operations is importan t in building customers trust. Collectively, customers have doubts on the overall security policies in online banking. Especially new adopters in developing nations like Malaysia and Vietnam have found to have less confident in trying online banking due to security reason (Gerrard and Cunnningham, 2003). In many banking websites, security technology like encryption, password, identifiers, or inactivity automatically logs users off the account are implemented to reduce the overall risk during transaction process and the same time increase customers trustworthiness in using the system (Hutichinson and Warren, 2003). In Malaysia, a total number of 500 respondents from different banks customers have been investigated and found that security factor showed the highest Cronbach alpha score. This indicates that security and trust towards online systems are ultimately important in order to encourage customers to start to use online applications. Therefore, the major concern for banks to implement online banking falls on the extent to how customers perceived trustworthiness of a particular system (Poon, 2008). In the study of Al-Somali et al (2008), trust has found to have significant impact in influencing customer attitudes towards online banking usage in Saudi Arabia community. Whereby, Sathyes (1999) identified security and privacy as the biggest obstacles towards the adoption of online banking in Australia. Thus, it is clear that without trust, customers will avoid making any transactions in virtual online environment. Although the consequence of trust in business-customer relationship has been established, the trust construct in virtual online banking is still in a somewhat ambivalent manner, especially in developing countries context. Thus, we proposed the following hypothesis: H3. Trust will have a positive effect on consumers intention to adopt the online banking. Government Support Government plays a vital role in creating institutional environment to encourage the nation to adopt online banking services. In the efforts of government by investing heavily in the aspects of availability and quality of labor, technical infrastructure, policy, work force training and maintaining have nevertheless prepared banks a better platform to foster online banking service (Gibbs et al., 2003). It has been observed and verified in the previous studies that governmental support either in projects funding or adoption schemes have leveraged technology diffusion in a shorter period of time (Tan, 2000). For example Tan and Teo (2000) mentioned in their study that Singapore Government has successfully promoted the adoption of electronic data interchange (EDI) through educational program (Burn, 1995). In Malaysia, with the launch of Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) which is fully supported by government in 1996 has prepared Malaysia a great advancement into the thriving of ICT world. One of the key efforts of MSC is to provide the necessary facilities and technical skills for local and foreign businesses through its flagship applications and business services. With the implementations of electronic government, multi-purpose identification card, smart schools and telemedicine, government have tentatively encouraged the citizens to conduct transaction online. Vietnam, an emergence fast growing economy country has started to invest and improve its ICT infrastructure throughout the country. Rahn Wood, a senior executive of Techcombank, said that, although online baking remains unfamiliar in Vietnam, but it has foreseen to be potentially welcomed by Vietnamese people (VietnamNet, 2009). Although most of the people in Vietnam still prefer offline banking, there have seen an overwhelming increased usage in online banking, mobile banking, home banking, phone banking and other card and e-payment services. This phenomenon is particularly significant in the Ho Chi Minh capital (VietnamNet, 2009). Government should play the role to encourage citizens in order to increase the usage rate in online banking. Thus, we hypothesized that: H4. Government support has a positive effect on consumers intention to adopt the online banking.

Orhan Seyfi Ari :: History

Orhan Seyfi Ari An Idealist and Visionary (1918-1992) â€Å"A luminary to so many teachers†(Editorial in ‘Halkin Sesi’ of 27 December 1992) A School Teacher's Mark on Educational History, Teaching, Social Culture Of those who wrote about him in English/American, in Turkish, in Greek –book-magazine-newspaper articles and officially and privately (in England, Cyprus, Australia).. to a poet he was a star –in his poem, to a columnist an eminent school, to an author a remarkable man, to an editor a defender of liberties, to a writer an honour to have known, and to a researcher ‘Such nice things I have heard about him!’... To the Secretary of State for Education he was ‘the teacher of teachers’ –inscribed on his tomb, a university professor’s condolences from Turkey were to his nation –who in his honour named a street after him. Orhan Ari was born in Lapithiou -Paphos, in the, at the time, British colony of Cyprus.. after completing his secondary and high-school education in Nicosia, and upon qualifying through Morphou Teachers Training College, he also studied agriculture†¦ With a keen interest in his continuing professional development through courses and seminars, and as to the rest mostly self-educated, he has left his unmistakeable mark in the educational, cultural, ethical, social, progress and development of Cyprus. He had been a secondary school teacher, a head teacher, a lecturer; an occasional columnist, in his personal circle of friends also a debater, mystic, poet.. in retirement he was invited overseas to inspect schools, and to give talks to cultural organisations†¦ He was a true and courageous leader of both pupils and peoples ~his extraordinary motivating skills had made him a choice of the British for the pioneering educational and socio-cultural development of many of the country’s peoples, and popular in both the Turkish and Greek communities –having taught at also British schools pupils varying from Armenian to English etc., also after political independence, while later in the course of his community’s adapting to the Turkish system of education (as may be suggested by some of his symbolic poems) he appears to have been officially perhaps less appreciated, upon his peacefully passing away –as a cleric of a couple of years in his retirement to make ends meet, the press having praised also his patriotism, the Leader of the Parliament of the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus described him as having made both the state and the nation proud as â€Å"A successful modern educator.

Anguage Learner

Written materials on strategies of good language learners are scarcely available in the libraries or bookstores in Indonesia, especially, in the field of English language teaching and learning. The teachers and students of English need the literature to improve their teaching and learning. Meanwhile, observations and experiences in teaching of English indicate that the students use different strategies to understand and learn English. Some students understand the language best in concrete situations, others in abstract and some in both. Several students learn it step by step, others in no ordered system, and some both. Some students prefer a deductive approach, others an inductive one, some others both. Some are productive in small groups, others learn the language best in large groups and some others alone. However, the students can be grouped into unsuccessful (poor) language learners and successful (good) language learners. The good language learners must have their own strategies. What strategies do they use in learning English? This paper will try to answer the question. Theoreticians, such as, Rubin, Stern, Rubin and Thompson, Hosenfeld, and Hyland describe the good language learner strategies, giving some help in answering it. The answers are useful not only to the students of English but also to the teachers or lecturers of English as well. In addition, the purpose of this paper is to encourage the English teachers or lecturers to view their teaching not only from their teaching methods but also from their students learning strategies and to help the students realize their strategies of the good language learner in their studies. The results of the comparison may help them choose and apply the good language learner strategies that work for them. They can decide to replace their ineffective learning strategies with the effective ones. A paper presented in 41st TEFLIN SEMINAR (an international seminar) held at IKIP Padang on 9 th – 11 th September 1993, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Free Essays on All Choices have Consequences

All Choices have Consequences After decades of living the up’s and down’s of life I realized that I was not happy or satisfied with my life so far. I was either on top of the world doing well with what life had dealt me or was at the bottom. Each bottom was a little worse and got to the point that my life was miserable all the time. I ask myself, â€Å"Why is my life like this†? My life was a total wreck! Something had to change. At that point in my life I came to the realization that the problem was me! Since my choices and decisions appeared to be poorly made, I concluded that the first problem that needed immediate attention was irrational thinking. My thinking was not realistic. One example of thinking irrational was my childhood dream to be a successful businessman in the Oil and Gas Industry. This belief was top priority. I had neglected numerous responsibilities in my life trying to fulfill this belief. I believed that if I accomplished this belief all other priorities would be fulfilled to such as the money would take care of my happiness priority. My rationalizations and justifications were not really even close to being realistic. What I did not consider was the importance of the other priorities that I was neglecting. My first priority should have been having a close relationship with my only daughter, which was almost non-existent through her childhood and spending time with my family. Other priorities that were neglected were: responsibilities, happiness, health, education and religion. You could not convince me that my thinking was wrong and I was making the wrong choices. What is wrong with this picture? To complicate my life even more, I had a serious alcohol and drug problem. Of course you could not get me to admit this and I truly believed that I was just a social and occasional user. I started using at age fifteen. With little thoughts like: â€Å"Everyone is doing it, why not†, â€Å"Do you want t... Free Essays on All Choices have Consequences Free Essays on All Choices have Consequences All Choices have Consequences After decades of living the up’s and down’s of life I realized that I was not happy or satisfied with my life so far. I was either on top of the world doing well with what life had dealt me or was at the bottom. Each bottom was a little worse and got to the point that my life was miserable all the time. I ask myself, â€Å"Why is my life like this†? My life was a total wreck! Something had to change. At that point in my life I came to the realization that the problem was me! Since my choices and decisions appeared to be poorly made, I concluded that the first problem that needed immediate attention was irrational thinking. My thinking was not realistic. One example of thinking irrational was my childhood dream to be a successful businessman in the Oil and Gas Industry. This belief was top priority. I had neglected numerous responsibilities in my life trying to fulfill this belief. I believed that if I accomplished this belief all other priorities would be fulfilled to such as the money would take care of my happiness priority. My rationalizations and justifications were not really even close to being realistic. What I did not consider was the importance of the other priorities that I was neglecting. My first priority should have been having a close relationship with my only daughter, which was almost non-existent through her childhood and spending time with my family. Other priorities that were neglected were: responsibilities, happiness, health, education and religion. You could not convince me that my thinking was wrong and I was making the wrong choices. What is wrong with this picture? To complicate my life even more, I had a serious alcohol and drug problem. Of course you could not get me to admit this and I truly believed that I was just a social and occasional user. I started using at age fifteen. With little thoughts like: â€Å"Everyone is doing it, why not†, â€Å"Do you want t...

Ancient Spartan Public Education

Ancient Spartan Public Education T. Rutherford Harley (The Public School of Sparta, Greece Rome, Vol. 3, No. 9 (May 1934) pp. 129-139.) uses Xenophons Polity of Lacedaemon, the Hellenica, and Plutarchs Lycurgus for evidence of the Spartan education system. The following is a summary of the relevant sections of his article with a few more recent references. Upbringing of Children to Age 7 A child deemed worth raising is given to its mother to be cared for until the age of 7, although during the day, it accompanies its father to the syssitia (dining clubs) where it sits on the floor picking up Spartan customs by osmosis. Lycurgus instituted the practice of appointing a state officer, the paidonomos, who puts children in school, supervises and punishes. Children are barefoot to encourage them to move swiftly, and they are encouraged to learn to withstand the elements by having only one outfit. Children are never satiated with food or fed fancy dishes. Schooling of 7-Year-Old Boys At the age of 7, the paidonomos organized the boys into divisions of about 60 each called ilae. These were groups of peers of the same age. Most of their time was spent in this company, according to Figueira. The ilae were under the supervision of an eiren (iren) aged about 20, at whose house the ilae ate. If the boys wanted more food, they went on hunts or raids. So seriously did the Lacedaemonian children go about their stealing, that a youth, having stolen a young fox and hid it under his coat, suffered it to tear out his very bowels with its teeth and claws, and died upon the place, rather than let it be seen.From Plutarchs Life of Lycurgus After dinner, the boys sing songs of war, history, and morality or the eiren quizzes them, training their memory, logic, and ability to speak laconically. The Iren, or under-master, used to stay a little with them after supper, and one of them he bade to sing a song, to another he put a question which required an advised and deliberate answer; for example, Who was the best man in the city? What he thought of such an action of such a man? They used them thus early to pass a right judgment upon persons and things, and to inform themselves of the abilities or defects of their countrymen. If they had not an answer ready to the question Who was a good or who an ill-reputed citizen, they were looked upon as of a dull and careless disposition, and to have little or no sense of virtue and honor; besides this, they were to give a good reason for what they said, and in as few words and as comprehensive as might be; he that failed of this, or answered not to the purpose, had his thumb bit by his master. Sometimes the Iren did this in the presence of the old men and magistrates, that they might see whether he punished them justly and in due measu re or not; and when he did amiss, they would not reprove him before the boys, but, when they were gone, he was called to an account and underwent correction, if he had run far into either of the extremes of indulgence or severity.From Plutarchs Life of Lycurgus Spartan Literacy It is not clear whether they learn to read. [For more on the issue of literacy in Sparta, see Whitley and Cartledge.] Physical Training The boys play ball games, ride, and swim. They sleep on reeds and suffer floggings silently, or they suffer again. Spartans study dance as a kind of gymnastic training for war dances as for wrestling. This was so central that Sparta was known as a dancing place from Homeric times. [For more on the importance of dancing in Sparta, see Dionysiac Elements in Spartan Cult Dances, by Soteroula Constantinidou. Phoenix, Vol. 52, No. 1/2. (Spring - Summer, 1998), pp. 15-30. ] Foster Sons Allowed in Spartan Schools Not only were the schools for the sons of the Spartiate, but also for foster sons. Xenophon, for instance, sent his two sons to Sparta for their education. Such students were called trophimoi. Even the sons of helots and perioikoi could be admitted, as syntrophoi or mothakes, but only if a Spartiate adopted them and paid their dues. If these did exceptionally well, they might later be enfranchised as Spartiates. Harley speculates that guilt may be a factor here because the helots and perioikoi often took in the children that the Spartiates had rejected at birth as unworthy of rearing. From Agoge to Syssitia and Krypteia At 16 the young men leave the agoge and join the syssitia, although they continue training so they can join the youth who become members of the Krypteia (Cryptia). Krypteia The passage from Plutarchs Life of Lycurgus: Hitherto I, for my part, see no sign of injustice or want of equity in the laws of Lycurgus, though some who admit them to be well contrived to make good soldiers, pronounce them defective in point of justice. The Cryptia, perhaps (if it were one of Lycurguss ordinances, as Aristotle says it was), Gave both him and Plato, too, this opinion alike of the lawgiver and his government. By this ordinance, the magistrates dispatched privately some of the ablest of the young men into the country, from time to time, armed only with their daggers, and taking a little necessary provision with them; in the daytime, they hid themselves in out-of-the-way places, and there lay close, but, in the night, issued out into the highways, and killed all the Helots they could light upon; sometimes they set upon them by day, as they were at work in the fields, and murdered them. As, also, Thucydides, in his history of the Peloponnesian war, tells us, that a good number of them, after being singled out for their bravery by the Spartans, garlanded, as enfranchised persons, and led about to all the temples in token of honors, shortly after disappeared all of a sudden, being about the number of two thousand; and no man either then or since could give an account how they came by their deaths. And Aristotle, in particular, adds, that the ephori, so soon as they were entered into their office, used to declare war against them, that they might be massacred without a breach of religion. Sources: The Public School of SpartaT. Rutherford HarleyGreece RomeVol. 3, No. 9 (May 1934) pp. 129-139.Cretan Laws and Cretan LiteracyJames WhitleyAmerican Journal of ArchaeologyVol. 101, No. 4. (Oct. 1997), pp. 635-661Literacy in the Spartan OligarchyPaul CartledgeJournal of Hellenic StudiesVol. 98, 1978 (1978), pp. 25-37.Mess Contributions and Subsistence at SpartaThomas J. FigueiraTransactions of the American Philological Association (1974-) Vol. 114, (1984), pp. 87-109

None Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 29

None - Essay Example Package is also important because of the exclusive control that the product storeowner has over it. Unlike brand that depends on influence for creation and sustenance, package remains the same and as created by the product owner (Black 1). Marketers also and erroneously assume that packaging aims at capturing a customer’s attention into purchase. One of the roles of packaging is attraction and retention of customers. Sensitivity to the target market and branding objectives is important to effects of packaging on the role. A package, which can also develop a brand, may be effective to attract new customers and to retain existing customers through visibility and attractive features or disrupt existing customers. Packaging can also be used to communicate changes in product and in brand into effective marketing. It also informs customers of product features and quality to help in closing sales. This is because of information that package can offer about a product, such as ingredients, that makes a product outstanding from its competitors (Black 1). Black, James. â€Å"What is your product saying to consumers? Rethinking the role of the package in communications.† AdAge. January 18, 2011. Web. March 10, 2015.

How did Roman authors choose to portray barbarians (particularly Gauls Essay

How did Roman authors choose to portray barbarians (particularly Gauls and Germans) How realistic can we expect these portraits - Essay Example The Romans enjoyed a culture based on fine arts and literature, superior technologies and advanced training techniques for their military campaigns. As the empire extended ever further, there was increasing contact with those â€Å"other† tribes and nations and the Roman historians recorded their impressions from this rather one-sided perspective of the conqueror. This paper examines the way that two Roman authors, Julius Caesar and Tacitus, portray the barbarians and examines the very different motivations of these two writers and the consequent limitations of their respective approaches. The early account of the Germans which is given by Julius Caesar (100-44BC) in Book VI of De Bello Gallico [Gallic War] is presented as a contrast to the way that he perceives the Gauls. It is interesting that this great Roman leader comments first on religious matters and war, pointing out that the Germans do not have druids and sacrifices, like the Gauls, but instead have their own gods wh om they can see and who help them in their warlike lifestyle.1 It is quite clear that Caesar accepts the different gods of these two barbarian peoples as actors in the battles that occur, and he accepts also their direct link with the sun, sky and natural world of groves and springs that go with these gods. There is no attempt to layer Roman ideas into these practices, but there is an implicit assumption that Roman ways are better. Caesar appears impressed by their dependence on animal products, rather than agriculture, and the way that leaders ensure loyalty by organising a rotation of lands and a focus on plundering neighboring tribes, since in his view this keeps them always ready for war.2 It is striking that Caesar notes also the generosity of the Germans in offering protection hospitality and food to those who visit them, because this reveals a fair-minded appreciation of German moral standards. He does not demonize his enemies, but seeks to portray them in a sympathetic light . One reason for this may be that his experience on campaigns and in the battlefields has taught him how difficult it is to maintain fitness and commitment in his fighting troops. Roman troops were motivated by monetary rewards and the promise of a happy retirement back in the warmer climes of their homeland, while the German warriors appear less materialistic and better trained for a life of fighting. For a general this must have seemed like a far better underpinning for the provision of fighting forces. When it comes to the Gauls, Julius Caesar reflects a common classical notion that those who are located furthest from the centre of the Empire in Rome are the most valiant and the greatest of the barbarians: â€Å"For Caesar this distance, combined with the Belgae’s close proximity and daily confrontations with the Germans, both offensively and defensively, had made them the bravest of the Gauls.†3 This traditional wisdom could not fail to have influenced his percepti on of the peoples that he encountered on his exploratory travels throughout the vast regions of Gaul. There is a strong possibility that he actually seeks out evidence to support these theories, and to stress that he values the barbarians more, the further away from Rome they are, thus at the same time extolling their powerful image but minimizing any possibility

Free speech video assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Free speech video assignment - Research Paper Example the the promotion of the film and the film, under the First Amendment, are protected speech, and so is the filmmaker, Nakoula Basseley Nakoula, aka Sam Bacile. This paper examines the video and explains whether the filmmaker had a First Amendment right to make the film; it offers a vivid legal explanation as to why the filmmaker First Amendment right cannot be violated. Additionally, the paper looks at how the mainstream American media covered the story, how the United States government treated the issues, the filmmaker’s interpretation and explains how, assuming that I made the film, I would have handled the alleged uproar. The paper also answers the question of whether the U.S government should arrest and criminally prosecute the maker of the anti-muslim film, â€Å"The Innocence of Muslims†. FREE SPEECH VIDEO ASSIGNMENT After the distribution of the â€Å"The Innocence of Muslims†, the anti-muslim video via YouTube, protests ensued in the Middle East, in Cairo , outside the American Consulate, in Libya, which led to the killing of four Americans, among them, the American Ambassador to Libya, Christopher Stevens. ... Additionally, a debate with regards to whether the filmmaker, who joined the ranks of Delph and Jones, had the First Amendment right to make the film. The First Amendment of the U.S constitution establishes protection of individual rights belief, conduct and speech, in other words, rights to freedom of expression and religion. According to Nowak & Rotunda (2004), freedom of expression constitutes the freedom of assembly, freedom of press, to petition and freedom of speech. Therefore, by default, the U.S constitution is set to by all means protect the freedom of speech, even violent and hat filled speech (Cohen, 2012). The filmmaker or producer and the film distributor have the First Amendment right, since the promotion of the film and the film are protected speech and neither the promotion of the film nor the film create something like the infamous â€Å"shouting fire in a crowded theater† (Chertoff, 2012). In determining whether the filmmaker and the film distributor had Firs t Amendment right, it is important to consider whether the film, considered as speech, was intended to incite violence or was an incitement to riots – the film or speech should have not only led to violence, but the filmmaker must have intended the film to incite riots/violence. The â€Å"The Innocence of Muslims†, or the anti-muslim video did produced violence, but it is clear that it was not the filmmaker’s intention for the film to produce violence; the film did not also produce violence immediately. For this reason, the filmmaker has First Amendment rights since the film/speech is protected by the First Amendment. There is no way that the film produced by Nakoula Basseley Nakoula, aka Sam Bacile qualify as an incitement

U.S. health care system Essay Example for Free

U.S. health care system Essay It is desirable to learn lessons from abroad, but well noted that it would be impossible to simply transfer policies from one country to the other. There is no such thing as a perfect finance model. There are many calls to move towards contemporary American free insurance and service market system6. It is argued that if there is no competition, the consumer will continue to be poorly served and second-class treatment will remain. However, many responses listed out the sophisticated problems that have arisen from the American healthcare system. Patient Choice One of the important justifications of the system in the US is greater patient choice. Under the concept of â€Å"money following the patient†, patients would not be constrained by cost considerations when choosing services between private sector providers and public sector providers6. Americans are free in the selection of doctors, standards of services as well as service providers. From the experience of the US, voluntary private insurance permits doctors to offer more expensive services beyond the basic provision. Patients are required to pay out-of-pocket for any extra charges. This kind of rigid payment system actually constrains rather than expands freedom of choice of patients6. Patient choice is expensive and thus is more likely to be restricted, especially when there is cost containment. It is the situation in the US that one of the main functions of HMOs was to introduce a gate-keeping role for GPs and limit the wide choices of specialists inherent in the traditional insurance mechanism11. Efficiency With free choice and free market, people have the incentive for enjoying maximum services and claiming full benefits offered by the insurance scheme. It leads to a demand side moral hazard problem for over-consumption of services which causes market inefficie ncy12. Under the insurance market, hospitals are economic agents that aim at maximizing profits and it will create the supply side moral hazard for over-provision of services. Besides, many patients and providers in the US experience many problems with care co-ordination12. In order to prevent abuses and malpractice, mechanisms for checking and auditing would be necessary, which in turn leads to huge administration costs in the US system. Single-payer models in health insurance encourage cooperation and overcome the problem of inefficiency. The main advantage of single-payer system is that one can enjoy universal coverage at a lower cost than is  attained by pluralistic funding approaches. It avoids adverse risk selection and ensures that no one is uninsurable Equity The level of premiumand co-payment would have great impact to equity of the system. The costs of treating uninsured as free care must be absorbed by the insured via cost shifting, higher premiums or taxes39. If the level of payment becomes heavy burdens to lower income group, it creates disincentives for this group to use the system even they experience genuine needs. Due to this marginalization and exclusion, the premium contributed by the lower income group will indirectly subsidize the services consumed by the high income group. The injustice so created makes worse to the equity in access

appearance vs reality Essay -- essays research papers

Appearance vs. Reality   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Things are not always as they appear. You may think someone is a certain way because of how they dress and carry themselves this is called stereotyping. Many people stereotype without even noticing that they are doing it. Everyone has his or her right to first impressions, but stereotyping is wrong. There are many examples of this topic in literature as well as in our society today. The main population accused of stereotyping is teenagers; they are seen as rude and judgmental. For example, in high school the people are divided into groups by how they dress and whom they hang out with. There are the skaters, freaks, preps, snobs, cheerleaders, jocks and nerds. No one person set up these different groups, they came along as the years went by. It is not fair to automatically say someone is a prep or freak by just looking at them; the people in different groups have many of the same characteristics and the same friends. So, how can they be stereotyped if all the groups mingle anyways? Although the teenagers are usually accused of stereotyping, it occurs no matter what age you are. For example, if an adult sees another one dressed in cheaper clothes, they might assume they are poor. Or if someone sees another with real expensive clothes, they assume they are rich. This is a false accusation, because one cannot tell if another is rich or poor by how they dress or what kind of house they live in. Some people like to save money ...

The Metaphors of Conrads Heart of Darkness Essays -- Heart Darkness e

The Metaphors of Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚   Within the text of Heart of Darkness, the reader is presented with many metaphors. Those that recur, and are most arresting and notable, are light and dark, nature and Kurtz and Marlow. The repeated use of light and dark imagery represents civilization and primitiveness, and of course the eternal meaning of good and evil. However, the more in depth the reader goes the more complex it becomes. Complex also are the meanings behind the metaphors of nature included within the text. It represents a challenge for the colonists, often also signifying decay and degeneration. Finally Kurtz and Marlow represent imperialism and the colonists. All these metaphors come together and contribute not only to the effect for the reader, but also to the overall meaning.    From the very moment Marlow speaks the reader is presented with light and dark imagery. It should be noted, however, that darkness seems to dominate. The light and dark, being binary oppositions, come to represent other binary oppositions, such as civilized and uncivilized, and of course good and evil. The primitive 'savages' are described as dark, both literally in regards to skin tone, but also in attitude and inwardly. Marlow calls the natives at the first station "black shadows of disease and starvation" (Conrad 20). A little further into the text, Marlow is horrified by what he is seeing, by the darkness he and the reader are being presented with. These are both excellent examples of the negativity towards the natives throughout the book. So, the darkness of the natives is a metaphor for their supposed incivility, evilness and primitiveness. However, if the reader looks a little deeper, they can see that this darkness also ... ...ss: Search for the Unconscious. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1987. Conrad, Joseph Heart of Darkness. 3rd ed. New York: Norton, 1997 Csicseri, Coreen. "Themes and Structure of Heart of Darkness." Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad 6 December 1998. Available:   <http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~csicseri/themes.htm> (2 May 2001). Dunson, David. "The symbol of the Wilderness in Heart of Darkness." 3 November 1999. Available   <http://www.rsl.ukans.edu/~dunson/hod.html> (2 may 2001). Harkness, Bruce. Conrad's Heart of Darkness and the Critics. Belmont, Cal.: Wadsworth, 1965. Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness, A Case Study in Contemporary Criticism , ed. Ross C. Murfin. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989. Rosmarin, Adena. "Darkening the Reader: Criticism and Heart of Darkness." ed. Ross C. Murfin. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.